ABSTRACT
Very few instruments are actually required to perform ESS. However, as one gains more surgical experience, there may be a need for additional instrumentation depending on the type of procedure or on the surgeon's personal preferences. The minimum instrumentation required for most of the dissections in this manual include: 1) a 30-degree telescope, 2) a 360-degree backbiting forceps, 3) a 360-degree sphenoid punch or forceps, 4) a 4-mm-Iong curved suction, 5) a 10 or 12 French straight (Frazier) suction with calibrated centimeter markings, 6) a 3.5-mm straight through-cut forceps, 7) a 3.5-mm upbiting through-cut forceps, 8) a small angled ball probe, and 9) a Cottle periosteal elevator. Powered instrumentation with a 4-mm straight and / or 60-degree cannula can be used in lieu of forceps to perform an ethmoidectomy and multiple sinusotomies.
