ABSTRACT
To create a working space in the abdomen, the surgeon distends the patient's peritoneal cavity by insufflating CO2, a noncombustible, rapidly eliminated gas. The pneumoperitoneum is established through an open or closed technique, and operating ports or trocars are inserted through the abdominal wall to allow access to the abdomen for continuous insufflation and the placement of operating instruments. Correct port placement is vital in facilitating proper retraction and dissection during the operation.
