ABSTRACT
Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are rare malignant tumors arising from the extrahepatic bile ducts. Ulcerative colitis is a significant risk factor. The risk of CCAs is also increased in patients with anomalies of the pancreaticocholedachal junction and in patients with choledochal cysts. There is no convincing link with the presence ofgallstones or parasites such as Clonorchis sinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, in which the risk of cholangiocellular carcinoma (intrahepatic CCA) is increased. In the case of the CCAs, infectious complications are more frequent and increase considerably with the use of diagnostic or therapeutic techniques such as ERCP, papillotomy, and percutaneous cholangiography [3].
