ABSTRACT
The fundamental principle underlying these techniques is that they do not require vertebral manipulation. This is most useful in conditions in which vertebral manipulation is contraindicated, as in cases of vertebral fragility as a result of arthritis, osteoporosis, etc. These techniques can also be useful in patients in whom these conditions are not present. To be successful, these techniques must be mastered and executed correctly. On the whole, these techniques may not be as effective as techniques already described but, in some cases, may be as efficacious if not more so with a rapid onset of effect. In summary, they constitute useful methods complementary to other manual techniques.
