ABSTRACT
Network parameters allow engineers to determine the overall circuit performance without knowing the internal structure. They carry great importance in the analysis and design of devices and components. The analysis of network parameters can be explained using two-port networks. Two-port networks are characterized using two-port network parameters such as Z-impedance, Y-admittance, h-hybrid, and ABCD. Network parameters provide mathematical tools for designers to model and characterize devices by establishing relations between voltages and currents. Networks and components in engineering applications can be connected in different ways to perform certain tasks. The commonly used network connection methods are series, parallel, and cascade connections. In parallel-connected networks, voltages are the same across ports, and currents are added to find the overall current flowing at the ports of the combined network. Scattering parameters are used to characterize radio frequency/microwave devices and components at high frequencies. Specifically, they are used to define the return loss and insertion loss of components or devices.
