ABSTRACT
References 186
1. INTRODUCTION
Since the first laparoscopic fundoplication in 1991 (1), the frequency with which complex
minimally invasive procedures are being performed has increased at an unprecedented
rate. Fortunately, the art of pediatric surgery has kept pace with these surgical techniques
primarily due to the advancements made in smaller operating telescopes and improve-
ments in minimally invasive instruments developed specifically for the body cavities of
infants and children.
