ABSTRACT
References 14
1. EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY
Substantial improvements in surgery have been made in the last 150 years. Since the
introduction of antiseptic technique by Lister and the introduction of inhalation anesthetics
at Massachusetts General Hospital in 1846, surgery has progressed at a rapid pace. Prior to
this time, surgical procedures were avoided and, if performed, they were brief. The best
surgeon was the fastest surgeon who caused less pain to his restrained and un-anesthetized
patient (1).
