ABSTRACT
This chapter addresses the various aspects that are important to keep validated information technology (IT) systems in a validated state during-and after-the operational phase of their life cycle. As most systems are now connected to a computer network, communication technology-based components should be included when considering the configuration of a system. Therefore, it is now common to speak of information and communication technology (ICT)–based systems. IT staff are challenged to maintain and support these systems within the continuously changing environment in which these systems are operating.
