ABSTRACT
The main focus of this chapter will not be on the design and construction of the vacuum freeze-dryer, although the advantages and disadvantages of batch and continuous dryers will be considered in the last secti.on, but on the impact that the freeze-dryer can have on the lyophilization process, the final product, and the container-closure system. For those readers who desire a more in-depth description of the actual design and construction of the dryer, references [1-6] are recommended. As a basis for our discussions, refer to the. diagram of the freeze-dryer in Figure 1.2.
