ABSTRACT
Is not associated with future Is frequently associated connective tissue disease with livedo reticularis
Rarely involves edema or periungual erythema
• Secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon:
Is associated with connective Is uncommonly associtissue disease (e.g., systemic ated with livedo sclerosis, polymyositis, mixed reticularis connective tissue disease) Has onset in the mid 20s
Affects males or females Involves infrequent Often begins in a single digit attacks Is moderate to severe Is not precipitated by Includes digital ulceration in emotional distress 30% to 50% of cases Is frequently associated
with edema or periungual erythema
