ABSTRACT
Sperm experimentally removed from the epididymis can fertilize ova, indicating that the secretions of the accessory sex glands are not essential for fertility. However, under natural conditions fertility has not been optimized through genetics, management, or advanced reproductive technology and the secretions of the accessory sex glands are likely to play a larger role in maximizing the male’s fertility. The functions of the secretions of the accessory sex glands include: 1) dilution of the sperm; 2) flushing of urine and bacteria from urethra; 3) provision of buffering and energy sources for the spermatozoa; 4) maintenance of the sperm in a reversibly quiescent state; 5) protection from the female immune system; and 6) if present, the chemical components for formation and dissolution of the seminal clot. This review will focus on the human prostate, but because rats and mice are used as models for investigating prostatic physiology and pathology, these species will be included where appropriate.
