ABSTRACT
ABACAVIR Trade names: Trizivir (GSK); Ziagen (GSK) Indications: HIV infections in combination with other antiretrovirals Category: Antiretroviral; Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor Half-life: 1.5 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: arbutamine, argatroban, arsenic
(2004): Del Giudice P+, J Am Acad Dermatol 51(3), 474 Edema
(1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37 Erythroderma
(2001): Shapiro M+, The AIDS Reader 11, 222 Exanthems
(1999): Nathanson N (generalized) (from Internet) (observation) (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37 (1998): Saag M+, AIDS 12, F203
Pruritus (1998): Saag M+, AIDS 12, F203
Rash (sic) (10-69%) (2003): Lanzafame M+, Infez Med 11(1), 40 (2002): Kessler HA+, Clin Infect Dis 34(4), 535 (2001): Hetherington S+, Clin Ther 23(10), 1603 (2000): Hervey PS+, Drugs 60, 447 (5%) (1999): Hughes W+, Antimicrob Agents Chemother 43, 609 (9%) (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37 (69%) (1998): Foster RH+, Drugs 55, 729 (1998): Kessler H+, 36th Meeting of the Infectious Disease
Society of America, Denver Abstract 453 (10-15%) (1998): Saag M+, AIDS 12, F203 (10-15%) (1998): Staszewski S+, AIDS 12, F197 (10-15%)
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (2002): Bossi P+, Clin Infect Dis 35(7), 902
syndrome) (2002): Toerner JG+, Clin Infect Dis 34(1), 131
Oral ulceration (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37
Oral vesiculation (2002): Fantry LE+, AIDS Patient Care STDS 16(1), 5
(2001): Frissen PH+, AIDS 15, 289 (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37 (3-4%) (1999): Walensky RP+, AIDS 13, 999
Chills (1999): Escaut L+, AIDS 13, 1419
Cough (2002): Peyriere H+, Allerg Immunol (Paris) 34(10), 359 (2001): Hetherington S+, Clin Ther 23(10), 1603 (10%)
Death (2003): Peyriere H+, Ann Pharmacother 37(10), 1392 (1.8%)
Fever (2003): Lanzafame M+, Infez Med 11(1), 40
Hypersensitivity (5%) (2006): James JS, AIDS Treat News 419, 6 (2006): Moreno-Cuerda VJ+, Med Clin (Barc) 126(19), 744
(2006): Rauch A+, Clin Infect Dis 43(1), 99 (8%) (2006): Stekler J+, AIDS 20(9), 1269 (2003): Easterbrook PJ+, HIV Med 4(4), 321 (2003): Lanzafame M+, Infez Med 11(1), 40 (2003): Peyriere H+, Ann Pharmacother 37(10), 1392 (8.5%) (2002): AIDS Patient Care STDS 16(5), 242 (2002): Clay PG, Clin Ther 24(10), 1502 (2002): Dargere S+, AIDS 16(12), 1696 (2002): Flexner C, Hopkins HIV Rep 14(3), 5 (2002): Hetherington S+, Lancet 359(9312), 1121 (2002): Hewitt RG, Clin Infect Dis 34(8), 1137 (3.7%) (2002): Kessler HA+, Clin Infect Dis 34(4), 535 (2002): Mallal S+, Lancet 359, 727 (5%) (2002): Phillips EJ+, AIDS 16(16), 2223 (2002): Symonds W+, Clin Ther 24(4), 565 (2002): Toerner JG+, Clin Infect Dis 34(1), 131 (2001): Cutrell A+, International AIDS Society Conference on HIV
Buenos Aires Abstract 527 (2001): Frissen PH+, AIDS 15, 289 (2001): Hetherington S, AIDS Read 11(12), 620 (2001): Hetherington S+, Clin Ther 23(10), 1603 (4.3%) (2001): Keiser P+, 8th Conferences on Retroviruses (Chicago)
Abstract 622 (2001): Loeliger AE+, AIDS 15(10), 1325 (2001): Peyriere H+, Ann Pharmacother 35(10), 1291 (2001): Shapiro M+, The AIDS Reader 11, 222 (2001): Wit FW+, AIDS 15(18), 2423 (2000): AIDS Read 10, 525 (2000): AIDS Treat News 337, 7 (2000): Prescrire Int 9, 67 (2000): Clay PG+, Ann Pharmacother 34, 247 (2000): GlaxoWellcome, Important Drug Warning July (severe or
fatal) (2000): Hervey PS+, Drugs 60, 447 (3-5%) (2000): Keiser P+, Conference on Retroviruses & Opportunistic
Infections (Chicago) Abstract 622 (1999): Escaut L+, AIDS 13, 1419 (1999): Miller JL, Am J Health Syst Pharm 56, 304 (1998): AIDS Patient Care SDS 12, 405 (1998): Newsline People AIDS Coalit N Y Feb, 35 (1998): Foster RH+, Drugs 55, 729 (2-3%) (1998): Saag M+, AIDS 12, F203 (2-5%) (1998): Staszewski S+, AIDS 12, F197 (1997): James JS, AIDS Treat News 285, 1, 5
Lipoatrophy (2005): Nolan D+, Sex Health 2(3), 153 (2004): McComsey GA+, Clin Infect Dis 38(2), 263
Lipodystrophy (2002): Bernasconi E+, J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 31(1), 50
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (1999): Escaut L+, AIDS 13, 1419 (1999): Spruance SL, Skin and Allergy News October, 37
Nephrotoxicity (2006): Ahmad M, J Postgrad Med 52(4), 296 (Fanconi syndrome)
Rhabdomyolysis (2005): Fontaine C+, AIDS 19(16), 1927 (with ciprofibrate)
ABARELIX Trade name: Plenaxis (Praecis) Indications: Prostate cancer (advanced) Category: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist Half-life: 13.2 days Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: amiodarone, procainamide, quinidine, sotalol
(2006): Beer TM+, Anticancer Drugs 17(9), 1075 Peripheral edema (15%)
ABATACEPT Trade name: Orencia (Bristol-Myers Squibb) Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis Category: T-cell co-stimulation modulator Half-life: 12-23 days Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: TNF antagonists
(2006): Nogid A+, Clin Ther 28(11), 1764 (53.8%) Injection-site reactions Upper respiratory infection
(2006): Nogid A+, Clin Ther 28(11), 1764 (12.7%)
ABCIXIMAB Synonym: C7E3 Trade name: ReoPro (Lilly) (Centocor) Indications: Thrombotic arterial disease Category: Antiplatelet; Glycoprotein IIb / IIIa inhibitor Half-life: 10-30 minutes – given intravenously Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: fondaparinux, reteplase
(2002): Pharand C+, Pharmacotherapy 22(3), 380 Hemorrhage
(2002): Choi RK+, Mayo Clin Proc 77(12), 1340 Peripheral edema (1.6%) Petechiae (0.3%) Pruritus (0.3%)
(2002): Pharand C+, Pharmacotherapy 22(3), 380
(2005): Lee DH+, Acta Radiol 46(5), 534 (2 cases)
(2002): Pharand C+, Pharmacotherapy 22(3), 380 (2001): Iakovou Y+, Cardiology 95(4), 215 (1999): Guzzo JA+, Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 48, 71
Death (2006): McCorry RB+, J Invasive Cardiol 18(6), E173 (2006): Usman MH+, Heart Lung 35(6), 423
Injection-site reactions (3.6%) (2004): Dery JP+, Am J Cardiol 93(8), 979
ACAMPROSATE Trade names: Aotal; Campral (Forest) (Lipha) Indications: Alcohol dependence Category: Antialcoholism Half-life: 20-33 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: None
(2002): Soyka M+, Drugs R D 3(1), 1 Diaphoresis (2%) Eczema (<1%) Erythema Erythema multiforme
(1992): Fortier-Beaulieu M+, Lancet 339(8799), 991 Exanthems (<1%) Exfoliative dermatitis (<1%) Facial edema (<0.1%) Peripheral edema (>1%) Photosensitivity (<0.1%) Pruritus (4%)
(2003): Oscar MA+, Therapie 58(4), 371 (2002): Soyka M+, Drugs R D 3(1), 1 (37 cases)
ACARBOSE Trade names: Glucobay; Glumida; Prandase; Precose (Bayer) Indications: Non-insulin dependent diabetes type II Category: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor Half-life: 2.7-9 hours
(2003): Poszepczynska-Guigne E+, Ann Dermatol Venereol 130(4), 439
Erythema (<1%) (2000): Schmutz JL+, Ann Dermatol Venereol 127, 869
(polymorphous) Erythema multiforme
(1999): Kono T+, Lancet 354, 396 (generalized) Rash (sic) Urticaria (<1%)
(2006): Hsiao SH+, Ann Pharmacother 40(1), 151 (2002): Chitturi S+, Semin Liver Dis 22(2), 169
ACEBUTOLOL Trade names: Acecor; Acetanol; Alol; Apo-Acebutolol; Monitan; Neptal; Novo-Acebutolol; Nu-Acebutolol; Prent; Rhodiasectral; Rhotral; Sectral Indications: Hypertension, angina, ventricular arrhythmias Category: Adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist; Antiarrhythmic class II Half-life: 3-7 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: clonidine, verapamil
Note: Cutaneous side effects of beta-receptor blockaders are clinically polymorphous. They apparently appear after several months of continuous therapy. Atypical psoriasiform, lichen planus-like, and eczematous chronic rashes are mainly observed. (1983): Hödl St, Z Hautkr (German) 1:58, 17
(1995): Schmutz JL+, Dermatology 190, 86 Edema (1-10%) Erythema multiforme (<1%) Exanthems (4%)
(1985): Singh BN+, Drugs 29, 531 Exfoliative dermatitis Facial edema (<1%) Hyperkeratosis (palms and soles) Lichenoid eruption
(1982): Taylor AEM+, Clin Exp Dermatol 7, 219 Lupus erythematosus (<1%)
(2005): Fenniche S+, Skin Pharmacol Physiol 18(5), 230 (1997): Burlingame RW, Clin Lab Med 17, 367 (1992): Rubin RL+, J Clin Invest 90, 165 (1992): Stevens MB, Hosp Pract 27, 27 (1987): Doktor D, Rev Fr Allergol Immunol (French) 27, 77 (1985): Hourdebaight-Larrusse P+, Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris)
(French) 34, 421 (1985): Singh BN+, Drugs 29, 531 (1984): Bigot MC+, Therapie (French) 39, 571 (1984): Meyer O+, Rev Rhum Mal Osteoartic (French) 51, 303 (1983): Homberg JC+, J Pharmacol (French) 14, 61 (1982): Taylor AE+, Clin Exp Dermatol 7, 219 (1981): Record NB, Ann Intern Med 95, 326 (1981): Simon P+, Nouv Presse Med (French) 10, 105
(1986): Czernielewski J+, Lancet 1, 808 (1984): Arntzen N+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 64, 346
(1984): Eliasson K+, Acta Med Scand 215, 333 Toxic epidermal necrolysis Urticaria
(2005): Chiffoleau A+, Therapie 60(6), 593 Vasculitis
(1988): Bonnefoy M+, Ann Dermatol Venereol (French) 115, 27 Xerosis
(1998): Greiner D+, J Am Acad Dermatol 39, 486
(1982): Cocco G+, Curr Ther Res 31, 362
ACETAMINOPHEN Synonyms: APAP; paracetamol Trade names: Abenol; Anacin-3 (Wyeth); Anaflon; Ben-U-Ron; Bromo-Seltzer; Darvocet-N (aaiPharma); Datril; Doliprane; Excedrin (Bristol-Myers Squibb); Geluprane; Liquiprin; Lorcet (Forest); Mapap; Neopap; Panadol (GSK); Percocet (Endo); Percogesic; Phenaphen; Sinutab; Tylenol (Ortho-McNeil); Valadol; Vicodin (Abbott) Indications: Pain, fever Category: Analgesic, non-narcotic Half-life: 1-3 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, cholestyramine, didanosine, dong quai, melatonin
Note: Acetaminophen is the active metabolite of phenacetin
(2004): Wohl Y+, Skinmed 3(1), 47 (2003): Mashiah J+, Arch Dermatol 139(9), 1181 (2001): Cohen AD+, Int J Dermatol 40(7), 458 (2000): Halevy S+, Clin Exp Dermatol 25(8), 652 (1998): Leger F+, Acta Derm Venereol 78, 222 (1996): DeConinck AL+, Dermatology 193, 338 (1995): Moreau A+, Int J Dermatol 34, 263 (passim) (1991): Roujeau J-C+, Arch Dermatol 127, 1333
Allergic granulomatous angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (2005): Masuzawa A+, Intern Med 44(5), 496
Angioedema (<1%) (2002): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation)
(patient inadvertently re-challenged herself) (1997): de Almeida MA+, Allergy Asthma Proc 18, 313 (1990): Van Diem L+, Eur J Clin Pharmacol 38, 389 (1986): Idoko JA+, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 80, 175 (1985): Stricker BH+, BMJ 291, 938
Dermatitis (1997): Mathelier-Fusada P+, Contact Dermatitis 36, 267 (1996): Szczurko C+, Contact Dermatitis 35, 299 (1995): Barbaud A+, Lancet 346(8979), 902
(1985): Stricker BH+, BMJ 291, 938 Erythema multiforme
(1995): Dubey NK+, Indian Pediatr 32, 1117 (1984): Hurvitz H+, Isr J Med Sci 20, 145
(1997): Foong H, Malaysia (from Internet) (observation) (1985): Matheson I+, Pediatrics 76, 651 (1985): Stricker BH+, BMJ 291, 938
Exfoliative dermatitis (1984): Guerin C+, Therapie (French) 39, 47
Fixed eruption (<1%) (2006): Ayala F+, Dermatitis 17(3), 160 (bullous) (2006): Nnoruka EN+, Int J Dermatol 45(9), 1062 (3%) (2005): Daghfous R+, Therapie 60(5), 523 (13%) (2003): Hayashi H+, Clin Exp Dermatol 28, 455 (2001): Silva A+, Pediatr Dermatol 18(2), 163 (2000): Bernand S+, Dermatology 201, 184 (similar to
ondansetron) (2000): Galindo PA+, J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 9, 399 (2000): Ko R+, Clin Exp Dermatol 25, 96 (2000): Ozkaya-Bayazit E+, Eur J Dermatol 10, 288
(1999): Sehgal VN, Pediatr Dermatology 16, 165 (multiple) (1998): Hern S+, Br J Dermatol 139, 1129, (1998): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation) (1998): Mahboob A+, Int J Dermatol 37, 833 (1996): Gomez-Martinez M+, J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol
6, 131 (1996): Kawada A+, Int J Dermatol 35, 148 (1996): Laude TA, Cosmetic Dermatology 9, 7 (1995): Harris A+, Br J Dermatol 133, 790 (1994): Rademaker M+, N Z Med J 107, 295 (1992): Cohen HA+, Ann Pharmacother 26, 1596 (1992): Zemtsov A+, Cutis 50, 281 (1991): Thankappen TP+, Int J Dermatol 30, 867 (1990): Duhra P+, Clin Exp Dermatol 15, 293 (1990): Gaffoor PMA+, Cutis 45, 242 (passim) (1989): Valsecchi R, Dermatologica 179, 51 (1988): Guin J+, Cutis 41, 107 (1987): Bharija SC+, Australas J Dermatol 28, 85 (1987): Guin J+, J Am Acad Dermatol 17, 399 (1986): Meyrick-Thomas RH+, Br J Dermatol 115, 357 (1985): Verbov J, Dermatologica 171, 60 (with chlormezanone)
Lichenoid keratoses (sic) (2007): Wohl Y+, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 21(4), 548
Linear IgA dermatosis (2003): Avci O+, J Am Acad Dermatol 48(2), 299
Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (2006): EL Sayed F+, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(10), 1338 (1988): Kuttner BJ+, Cutis 41, 403
Pemphigus (1990): Brenner S+, Acta Derm Venereol 70, 357
Penile edema (1997): Cabanes Higuero N+, Med Clin (Barc) (Spanish)
109, 685 Photosensitivity
(1999): Popescu C, Bucharest, Romania (from Internet) (observation)
Pigmented purpuric eruption (Schamberg’s disease) (1992): Abeck D+, J Am Acad Dermatol 27, 123
Pityriasis rosea (1993): Yosipovitch G+, Harefuah (Israel) 124, 198; 247
Pruritus (2001): Grant JA+, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 87(3), 227 (rare) (1985): Stricker BH+, BMJ 291, 938
Purpura (2006): Santoro D+, Clin Nephrol 66(2), 131 (with codeine) (1998): Kwon SJ+, J Dermatol 25, 756 (1993): Guccione JL+, Arch Dermatol 129, 1267 (1992): Abeck D+, J Am Acad Dermatol 27, 123 (1980): Miescher PA+, Clin Haematol 9, 505
Purpura fulminans (1993): Guccione JL+, Arch Dermatol 129, 1267
Pustules (2005): Daghfous R+, Therapie 60(5), 523 (30%)
(1998): Mendizabal SL+, Allergy 53, 457 Stevens-Johnson syndrome
(1995): Kuper K+, Ophthalmologue (German) 92, 823 (1985): Ting HC+, Int J Dermatol 24, 587
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (2004): Bygum A+, Pediatr Dermatol 21(3), 236 (2002): Cordova M, (Lima) (Peru) March AAD Poster (2002): Thakker J+, World Congress Dermatol Poster, 0129 (with
nimesulide) (2000): Halevi A+, Ann Pharmacother 34, 32 (1991): Sakellariou G+, Int J Artif Organs 14, 634 (1986): Roupe G+, Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 80, 145
Urticaria (2007): Tsujino Y+, J Dermatol 34(3), 224
(2006): Santoro D+, Clin Nephrol 66(2), 131 (with codeine) (2005): Daghfous R+, Therapie 60(5), 523 (34%) (2002): Bachmeyer C+, South Med J 95(7), 759 (2002): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation)
(patient inadvertently re-challenged herself) (2001): Grant JA+, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 87(3), 227 (rare) (2000): Samanta BB, J Assoc Physicians India 47, 464 (1997): de Almeida MA+, Allergy Asthma Proc 18, 313 (1997): Ownby DR, J Allergy Clin Immunol 99, 151 (1985): Cole TO, Clin Exp Dermatol 10, 404 (1985): Stricker BH+, BMJ 291, 938
Vasculitis (1995): Harris A+, Br J Dermatol 133, 790 (1988): Dussarat GV+, Presse Med (French) 17, 1587
(1998): Litt JZ, Beachwood, OH (personal case) (observation)
(2005): Daghfous R+, Therapie 60(5), 523 (2002): Bachmeyer C+, South Med J 95(7), 759 (2002): Liao CM+, Acta Paediatr Taiwan 43(3), 147 (2001): Verma S, Baroda, India (from Internet) (observation)
(with ibuprofen) (2000): Ayonrinde OT+, Postgrad Med J. 76, 501 (2000): de Paramo BJ+, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 85, 508 (4
patients) (2000): Stephenson I+, Postgrad Med 76, 503 (1999): Kumar RK+, Hosp Med 60, 66 (1999): Spitz E, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 82, 591 (1998): Galindo PA+, Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) (Spanish)
26, 199 (1998): Huitema AD+, Hum Exp Toxicol 17, 406 (1990): Van Diem L+, Eur J Clin Pharmacol 38, 389 (1988): Allergy Observer (Janssen Pharmaceutica) 5(7), 1 (1985): Stricker BH+, BMJ 291, 938
Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome (2006): Gaig P+, J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 16(5), 321
Death (2002): Sheen CL+, Br J Clin Pharmacol 54(4), 430 (2001): Stevenson R+, Scott Med J 46(3), 84 (overdose) (1988): Minton NA+, Hum Toxicol 7(1), 33 (with phenytoin)
Hepatotoxicity (2006): Antoniades CG+, Hepatology 44(1), 34 (2006): Holubek WJ+, Hepatology 43(4), 880 (2006): Lewis JH+, Curr Opin Gastroenterol 22(3), 223 (2006): Liu ZX+, Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2(4), 493 (2006): Mahadevan SB+, Arch Dis Child 91(7), 598 (2006): Moling O+, Clin Ther 28(5), 755 (2006): Patel KP, N Engl J Med 354(20), 2191 (2006): Perkins JD, Liver Transpl 12(4), 682 (2006): Schmidt LE+, Crit Care Med 34(2), 337 (2005): Jaeschke H, Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 1(3), 389 (2005): Peters TS, Toxicol Pathol 33(1), 146
Hypersensitivity (<1%) (2007): Kidon MI+, Int Arch Allergy Immunol 144(1), 51 (2001): Grant JA+, Ann Allergy Asthma 87(3), 227 (rare) (1999): Kivity S+, Allergy 54, 187 (1997): Vidal C+, Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 79, 320 (1996): Ibanez MD+, Allergy 51, 121 (1993): Martin JA+, Med Clin (Barc) (Spanish) 100, 158
Nephrotoxicity (2006): Jochum E+, Med Klin (Munich) 101(10), 830 (2005): Mour G+, Ren Fail 27(4), 381 (1998): Gault MH+, Am J Kidney Dis 32(3), 351
(2007): Nelson H+, Pharmacotherapy 27(4), 608 (overdose) (2001): Yang CC+, Vet Hum Toxicol 43(6), 344 (overdose) (1999): Moneret-Vautrin DA+, Allergy 54(10), 1115 (1996): Riggs JE+, Mil Med 161(11), 708 (with alcohol)
ACETAZOLAMIDE Trade names: Acetazolam; Ak-Zol; Dazamide; Defiltran; Diamox (Wyeth); Diuramid; Novo-Zolamide Indications: Epilepsy, glaucoma Category: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor; Diuretic Half-life: 2-6 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: ephedra, lithium
(1995): Moreau A+, Int J Dermatol 34, 263 (passim) (1992): Ogoshi M+, Dermatology 184, 142
(2001): Laemmle T, Wilderness Environ Med 12(4), 290 Lupus erythematosus Photosensitivity Pruritus Psoriasis
(1995): Kuroda K+, J Dermatol 22, 784 Purpura Pustules
(1992): Ogoshi M+, Dermatology 184, 142 Rash (sic) (<1%) Rosacea
(1993): Shah P+, Br J Dermatol 129, 647 Stevens-Johnson syndrome
(2006): Ogasawara K+, Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 246(3), 161 (1981): Sud RN+, Indian J Ophthalmol 29(2), 101
(2007): Lee GC+, Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 35(1), 55
(2002): Gallerani M+, Am J Emerg Med 20(4), 371 (2000): Gerhards LJ+, Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd (Dutch) 144, 1228 (1998): Tzanakis N+, Br J Ophthalmol 82, 588
Extravasation (1994): Callear A+, Br J Ophthalmol 78, 731
Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity (2002): Ikeda K+, Intern Med 41(9), 743
*Note: Acetazolamide is a sulfonamide and can be absorbed systemically. Sulfonamides can produce severe, possibly fatal, reactions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
ACETOHEXAMIDE Trade names: Dimelin; Dimelor; Dymelor (Barr) Indications: Non-insulin dependent diabetes type ll Category: Sulfonylurea Half-life: 1-6 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: phenylbutazones
*Note: Acetohexamide is a sulfonamide and can be absorbed systemically. Sulfonamides can produce severe, possibly fatal, reactions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome
ACETYLCYSTEINE Synonyms: N-acetylcysteine; L-Cysteine; NAC Trade names: Agisolvan; Alveolex; Ecomucyl; Encore; Exomuc; Fabrol; Fluimicil; Mucofillin; Mucolit; Mucolitico; Mucoloid; Mucomiste; Mucomyst (Bioniche); Mucomyst-10; Mucosil-10; Parvolex; Siran Indications: Emphysema, bronchitis, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, tracheostomy care, antidote for acetaminophen toxicity Category: Antidote; Antioxidant Half-life: N/A Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: carbamazepine, nitroglycerin
(2003): Kao LW+, Ann Emerg Med 42(6), 741 Angioedema
(2001): Tas S+, Br J Dermatol 145(5), 856 (1999): Schmidt LE+, Ugeskr Laeger 161(18), 2669 (1997): Mroz LS+, Ann Emerg Med 30(2), 240 (1984): Mant TG+, Br Med J 289(6439), 217 (1984): Tenenbein M, Vet Hum Toxicol 26(Suppl 2), 3
(2002): Davison SC+, Contact Dermatitis 47(4), 238 Pruritus
(1999): Schmidt LE+, Ugeskr Laeger 161(18), 2669 (1984): Tenenbein M, Vet Hum Toxicol 26(Suppl 2), 3
Rash (sic) (1999): Schmidt LE+, Ugeskr Laeger 161(18), 2669 (1994): Chan TY+, Hum Exp Toxicol 13(8), 542 (1984): Mant TG+, Br Med J 289(6439), 217
Urticaria (1984): Tenenbein M, Vet Hum Toxicol 26(Suppl 2), 3
(2006): Kanter MZ, Am J Health Syst Pharm 63(19), 1821 (2002): Appelboam AV+, Emerg Med J 19(6), 594 (fatal) (2001): Recasens M+, Med Clin (Barc) 117(14), 558 (1999): Schmidt LE+, Ugeskr Laeger 161(18), 2669 (1998): Bailey B+, Ann Emerg Med 31(6), 710 (1997): Stavem K, Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 117(4), 2038 (1992): Bonfiglio MF+, Ann Pharmacother 26(1), 22 (1992): Sunman W+, Lancet 339(8803), 1231 (1984): Gervais S+, Clin Pharm 3(6), 586 (1982): Vale JA+, Lancet 2(8305), 988
(1997): Ardissino D+, J Am Coll Cardiol 29(5), 941 Fever
(1994): Chan TY+, Hum Exp Toxicol 13(8), 542 Hypersensitivity
(1984): Tenenbein M, Vet Hum Toxicol 26, 3 Injection-site pain
(1984): Casola G+, Radiology 152(1), 233
ACITRETIN Trade names: Neotigason; Soriatane (Roche) Indications: Psoriasis Category: Retinoid Half-life: 49 hours Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: alcohol, bexarotene, chloroquine, cholestyramine, corticosteroids, danazol, ethanolamine, isotretinoin, lithium, medroxyprogesterone, methotrexate, minocycline, progestins, tetracycline, vitamin A
(1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (18.2%) (1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (9%)
Edema (2006): Tey HL+, J Dermatol 33(5), 372 (2001): Liss WA, Pleasanton, CA (from Internet) (observation)
Erythema (18%) (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (18.2%)
Erythema gyratum (2003): Bryan ME+, J Drugs Dermatol 2(3), 315
Erythroderma (2006): Mahe E+, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(9), 1133 (2001): Liss WA, Pleasanton, CA (from Internet) (observation)
Exanthems (2-25%) (1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7 (1990): Ruzicka T+, Arch Dermatol 126, 482 (2%)
Exfoliative dermatitis (25-50%) (2001): Blumenthal HL, Beachwood, OH (observation) (1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7 (25-50%) (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (36.4%)
(1993): Chang A+, Acta Derm Venereol 73, 235 Palmar-plantar desquamation (20-80%)
(2001): Ami (from Internet) (observation) (severe) (2001): Berbis P, Ann Dermatol Venereol 128(6), 737 (1991): Murray HE+, J Am Acad Dermatol 24, 598 (29%) (1990): Ruzicka T+, Arch Dermatol 126, 482 (20-25%) (1989): Gupta AK+, J Am Acad Dermatol 21, 1088 (50-80%) (1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (26%)
Phototoxicity (1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7
Pruritus (10-50%) (1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7 (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (54.5%) (1996): Lacour M+, Br J Dermatol 134, 1023 (1991): Murray HE+, J Am Acad Dermatol 24, 598 (32%) (1990): Ruzicka T+, Arch Dermatol 126, 482 (37%) (1989): Gupta AK+, J Am Acad Dermatol 21, 1088 (10-20%) (1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (16%)
(2002): Diederen PVMM+, World Congress Dermatol Poster, 0099
(1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7 (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (18%) (1991): Murray HE+, J Am Acad Dermatol 24, 598 (8%) (1989): Schröder K+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 69, 111 (3%) (1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (2.5%)
(2001): Berbis P, Ann Dermatol Venereol 128(6), 737 (1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7 (15-25%) (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (45.5%) (1991): Murray HE+, J Am Acad Dermatol 24, 598 (24%) (1990): Ruzicka T+, Arch Dermatol 126, 482 (48%) (1989): Gupta AK+, J Am Acad Dermatol 21, 1088 (10-20%) (1989): Schröder K+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 69, 111
(65%) (1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (30%)
(2001): Berbis P, Ann Dermatol Venereol 128(6), 737 (1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7 (>75%) (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (100%) (1996): Lacour M+, Br J Dermatol 134, 1023 (1991): Murray HE+, J Am Acad Dermatol 24, 598 (49%) (1990): Ruzicka T+, Arch Dermatol 126, 482 (80%) (1989): Gupta AK+, J Am Acad Dermatol 21, 1088 (100%) (1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (82%)
Dry mucous membranes (2001): Berbis P, Ann Dermatol Venereol 128(6), 737
(1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (6%)
(1995): Sturkenboom MC+, J Clin Epidemiol 48, 991 Xerostomia (10-60%)
(1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7 (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (63.6%) (1989): Schröder K+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 69, 111
(60%) (1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (30%)
(2001): Berbis P, Ann Dermatol Venereol 128(6), 737 (2001): Popescu C, Bucharest, Romania (from Internet)
(observation) (2001): Thaler D, Monona, WI (from Internet) (observation)
(diffuse) (2001): Vedamurthy V, Chennai, India (from Internet)
(observation) (scalp, mustache, eyebrows & beard) (1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7 (10-25%) (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (45.5%) (1991): Murray HE+, J Am Acad Dermatol 24, 598 (33%) (1990): Ruzicka T+, Arch Dermatol 126, 482 (12%) (1989): Gupta AK+, J Am Acad Dermatol 21, 1088 (30-70%) (1989): Schröder K+, Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 69, 111
(13%) (1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (20%)
Hair – alopecia totalis (2003): Chave TA+, Br J Dermatol 148(5), 1063 (2002): Chave TA+, World Congress Dermatol Poster 0092
(regrowth in 6 months) Hair – alopecia universalis
(1998): Haycox CL, Seattle, WA (from Internet) (observation) (1998): Nadel RS, Springfield, MA (from Internet) (observation)
Hair – pili torti (2001): Davidson DM, Groton, CT (from Internet) (observation)
(1991): Murray HE+, J Am Acad Dermatol 24, 598 (27%) (1990): Ruzicka T+, Arch Dermatol 126, 482 (1988): Geiger J-M+, Dermatologica 176, 182 (10%)
(2002): Hirsch R, Brooklyn, NY (from Internet) (observation) (1999): Katz HI+, J Am Acad Dermatol 41, S7 (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (18.2%) (1991): Murray HE+, J Am Acad Dermatol 24, 598 (7%)
Nails – periungual granuloma (1997): Buccheri L+, Arch Dermatol 133, 711 (9.1%)
Nails – pyogenic granulomas (1999): Guzick N, Houston, TX (from Internet) (observation)
Nails – subungual hemorrhages (2007): Aydogan K+, Int J Dermatol 46(5), 494
(2004): Lois N+, Arch Ophthalmol 122(6), 928
(2007): Vos LE+, J Am Acad Dermatol 56(2), 339 (2004): Estival JL+, Br J Dermatol 150(1), 150
Chills (2001): Liss WA, Pleasanton, CA (from Internet) (observation)
Gouty tophi (1998): Vanhooteghem O+, Clin Exp Dermatol 23, 274
(2002): Kreiss C+, Am J Gastroenterol 97(3), 775 Myalgia/Myositis/Myopathy/Myotoxicity
(1996): Lister RK+, Br J Dermatol 134, 989 Neurotoxicity
(2003): Tsambaos D+, Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 16(1), 46 (2002): Chroni E+, Clin Neuropharmacol 25(6), 310
ACTINOMYCIN-D (See DACTINOMYCIN)
ACYCLOVIR Synonyms: aciclovir; ACV; acycloguanosine Trade names: Acifur; Acyclo-V; Acyvir; Avirax; Herpefug; Zovirax (GSK); Zyclir Indications: Herpes simplex, herpes zoster Category: Antiviral; Antiviral, topical; Guanine nucleoside analog Half-life: 3 hours (adults) Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: meperidine, tenofovir
(2001): Lammintausta K+, Contact Dermatitis 45(3), 181 (2000): Serpentier-Daude A+, Ann Dermatol Venereol 127, 191 (1996): Bourezane Y+, Allergy 51, 755 (1995): Koch P, Contact Dermatitis 33, 255 (1991): Goday J+, Contact Dermatitis 24, 381 (1990): Baes H+, Contact Dermatitis 23, 200 (1990): Valsecchi R+, Contact Dermatitis 23, 372 (1989): Gola M+, Contact Dermatitis 20, 394 (1989): O’Brien JJ+, Drugs 37, 233 (vesicular) (1988): Camarasa JG+, Contact Dermatitis 19, 235 (1985): Robinson GE+, Genitourin Med 61, 62 (palms and soles)
(1991): Medina S+, Int J Dermatol 30, 305 Erythema
(2002): Carrasco L+, Clin Exp Dermatol 27(2), 132 Erythema nodosum
(1983): Richards DM+, Drugs 26, 378 Exanthems (1-5%)
(1991): Whitley R+, N Engl J Med 324, 444 (1985): Robinson GE+, Genitourin Med 61, 62 (1984): Strauss SE+, N Engl J Med 301, 1545 (1983): Balfour HH+, N Engl J Med 308, 1448 (1983): Richards DM+, Drugs 26, 378
Facial edema (3-5%) (2000): Colin J+, Ophthalmology 107, 1507
Fixed eruption (1997): Montoro J+, Contact Dermatitis 36, 225
Herpes zoster (recurrent) (1993): Murphy F, The Schoch Letter 43, 28, #104 (observation)
Lichenoid eruption (1985): Robinson GE+, Genitourin Med 61, 62
Peripheral edema (1991): Medina S+, Int J Dermatol 30, 305 (1988): Hisler BM+, J Am Acad Dermatol 18, 1142
Photo-recall (2002): Carrasco L+, Clin Exp Dermatol 27(2), 132 (2001): Ann Dermatol Venereol 128(2), 184
Photosensitivity (2001): Schmutz JL+, Ann Dermatol Venereol 128, 184
Pruritus (1-10%) (1993): Goldberg LH+, Arch Dermatol 129, 582 (passim)
Rash (sic) (<3%) (1985): Lundgren G+, Scand J Infect Dis Suppl 47, 137 (1983): Balfour HH+, N Engl J Med 308, 1448 (1983): Masaoka T+, Gan To Kagaku Ryoho (Japanese) 10, 944
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (1995): Fazal BA+, Clin Infect Dis 21, 1038
Urticaria (1-5%) (1985): Robinson GE+, Genitourin Med 61, 62 (1983): Richards DM+, Drugs 26, 378 (1982): Smith CI+, Am J Med 73, 267 (1981): Balfour HH+, Minn Med 64, 739
Vasculitis (1983): Richards DM+, Drugs 26, 378
Vesiculation (1993): Buck ML+, Ann Pharmacother 27, 1458
(1993): Goldberg LH+, Arch Dermatol 129, 582 (passim)
(2000): Colin J+, Ophthalmology 107, 1507
(2004): Sra KK+, Skin Therapy Lett 9(8), 1 Anaphylactoid reactions/Anaphylaxis (<1%) Hypersensitivity
(2001): Kawsar M+, Sex Transm Infect 77(3), 204 Injection-site inflammation (>10%)
(1989): O’Brien JJ+, Drugs 37, 233 Injection-site necrosis
(1987): Fayol J+, Therapie (French) 42(2), 249 Injection-site thrombophlebitis (9%)
(1988): Arndt KA, J Am Acad Dermatol 18, 188 Injection-site vesicular eruption
(1986): Sylvester RK+, JAMA 255, 385 Nephrotoxicity
(2006): Bassioukas K+, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 20(9), 1151 (2006): De Deyne S+, Rev Med Interne 27(11), 892 (2005): Izzedine H+, Am J Kidney Dis 45(5), 804 (2005): Orion E+, Clin Dermatol 23(2), 182 (2003): Sodhi PK+, Scand J Infect Dis 35(10), 770 (1999): Da Conceicao M+, Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 18(9), 996
Neurotoxicity (2006): Chevret L+, Pediatr Transplant 10(5), 632 (2005): Orion E+, Clin Dermatol 23(2), 182
ADALIMUMAB Synonym: D2E7 Trade name: Humira (Abbott) Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis Category: Cytokine inhibitor; TNF inhibitor Half-life: 10-20 days Clinically important, potentially hazardous interactions with: None
(2006): Sanchez-Cano D+, Clin Exp Rheumatol 24(5 Suppl 42), S128
Bacterial infections (2005): Botsios C, Autoimmun Rev 4(3), 162
(2006): Boura P+, Ann Rheum Dis 65(6), 839 Erysipelas Erythema
(2005): Sfikakis PP+, Arthritis Rheum 52(8), 2513 (1 case) Erythema multiforme
(2004): Beuthien W+, Arthritis Rheum 50(5), 1690 Fungal dermatitis Herpes zoster Lupus erythematosus (<0.1%)
(2007): Sheth N+, Clin Exp Dermatol 32(5), 593 (2006): van Rijthoven AW+, Rheumatology (Oxford)
45(10), 1317 (2005): Scheinfeld N, Expert Opin Drug Saf 4(4), 637
Lupus syndrome (2005): Botsios C, Autoimmun Rev 4(3), 162
Lymphoma (2006): Moul DK+, Arch Dermatol 142(9), 1110
Malignancies (2006): Bongartz T+, JAMA 295(19), 2275
(2004): Youdim A+, Inflamm Bowel Dis 10(4), 333 Psoriasis
(2007): Heymann WR, J Am Acad Dermatol 56(2), 327 (pustular) (2007): Ubriani R+, Arch Dermatol 143(2), 270 (2006): Kary S+, Ann Rheum Dis 65(3), 405 (2006): Matthews C+, Ann Rheum Dis 65(11), 1529 (2005): Sfikakis PP+, Arthritis Rheum 52(8), 2513
(2006): van der Heijde D+, Arthritis Rheum 54(7), 2136 (75%) Urticaria
(2006): George SJ+, Dermatol Online J 12(2), 4 (2006): Sanchez-Cano D+, Clin Exp Rheumatol 24(5 Suppl
42), S128 Vasculitis
(2006): Orpin SD+, Br J Dermatol 154(5), 998 (2006): Saint Marcoux B+, Joint Bone Spine 73(6), 710
(2006): Garcia Bartels N+, Arch Dermatol 142(12), 1654 Hair – follicular mucinosis
(2005): Dalle S+, Br J Dermatol 153(1), 207
(2005): Sfikakis PP+, Arthritis Rheum 52(8), 2513 (3 cases) Nails – onycholysis
(2005): Sfikakis PP+, Arthritis Rheum 52(8), 2513 (3 cases) Nails – subungual hyperkeratosis
(2005): Sfikakis PP+, Arthritis Rheum 52(8), 2513 (3 cases)
(2006): Chung JH+, J Neurol Sci 244(1-2), 133
(2006): Bongartz T+, JAMA 295(19), 2275 (2006): Moul DK+, Arch Dermatol 142(9), 1110 (2005): Efde MN+, Neth J Med 63(3), 112 (2005): Scheinfeld N, Expert Opin Drug Saf 4(4), 637 (2004): Prescrire Int 13(73), 171 (2004): Scheinfeld N, J Dermatolog Treat 15(6), 348
(2005): Papadakis KA+, Am J Gastroenterol 100(1), 75 (2005): Scheinfeld N, Expert Opin Drug Saf 4(4), 637 (2004): Moreland LW, Pharmacoeconomics 22(2 Suppl), 39 (20%) (2004): van de Putte LB+, Ann Rheum Dis 63(5), 508 (10%)
(2006): Moul DK+, Arch Dermatol 142(9), 1110
Note: TNF blocking agents may lead to serious infections, lymphoma, or fatalities, particularly in patients receiving concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. Patients should be evaluated for latent tuberculosis prior to treatment with adalimumab.
