ABSTRACT
The Deep Integration stage at the top, attening part of the S curve is characterized by rigid internal constraints imposed by a limited set of cost optimizing scenarios. Since the types of elements in the system and the ways they interact are well understood, there is no reason to invest in exploration and new application development. At this stage, the majority of instances of system elements turn into commodities. The system becomes focused on squeezing out the costs by deploying lean manufacturing methods [92], such as Six Sigma [93], and reducing innovation-related risks.
