ABSTRACT
In women, outlet obstruction is rare but can occur in those who have had previous surgery for incontinence or who have a large cystocele that prolapses and kinks the urethra on straining to void.
Other causes include antispasmodic drugs, psychosis, and neurological or inflammatory conditions. Chronic urinary retention may result in overflow incontinence. Secondary detrusor over activity may also develop giving rise to urge incontinence.
