ABSTRACT
With the increase in population, the prime objective of the agricultural sector is to attain food sufciency to cope with the demand. Rice is the staple diet as it meets 21% of the caloric needs of the current world population (Fitzgerald et al. 2009). Therefore, sustainability in rice production is highly essential. Rice is cultivated in agro-ecological zones of many continents, but Asia has a major share in the world rice production, with China and India together covering a major geographical riceproducing region among Asian countries. The rice production for 2011 was 480.5 million t (FAO 2011) with an expected 3% increase, that is, by about 14 million t during 2011 to 2012 (https://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/wfs-home/csdb/en/).
