ABSTRACT

The past decades have witnessed an intense development of chemical sensors for a variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors, especially potentiometric ones, which provide an electrical signal that is relatively straightforward for further processing, have dominated many aspects of clinical diagnostics and environmental and process monitoring. Everyday clinical analyses of K+, Na+, Ca2+, Cl-, and so on are based on the use of potentiometric sensors, and a pH-sensitive glass electrode is probably the most popular chemical sensor.