ABSTRACT

A molecular motor is recognized as an essential agent of living organ movement, especially for cell communication and signaling. Commonly, the cell structure called cytoskeleton has a function to serve the track of network in intracellular transport processes and it plays a crucial role in motility of the cell, which works as a machine [1-2]. The cytoskeleton within the axon and dendrite cooperating with a motor protein can move along the substrate including the actin filament (7 to 9 nm in diameter), microtubule (25 nm in diameter), and intermediate filament (10 nm in diameter) [3]. There are three significant super families of cytoskeleton molecular motor protein, which are myosin, kinesin, and dynein [4]. Molecular motor manipulation has been extensively investigated by many research techniques, which contributed many advances to the study of the biophysical properties of molecular motors [5-7]. In general, the manipulation of molecular motors can be characterized by five elements: first, the energy input type supplied to work [8]; second, the type of motion performed by the used components [9]; third, the monitoring methods used for the operation [10]; then, there is the possibility of the repeated operation in cycles [11], and last, the average desired time scale to complete a cycle [12]. Furthermore, there is much interesting research showing that the motor movement direction [13-14] can be controlled, which has been quantitatively analyzed by recording the relative length changes of DNA using laser tweezers or magnetic devices, which allows the individual consecutive chemical and mechanical steps of the motor enzymes to be dissected.