Long-Term Change in the Hudson River’s Bivalve Populations: A History of Multiple Invasions (and Recovery?)

During the study period (1990-2010), three nonnative bivalves (D. polymorpha, D. bugensis, and C. fluminea) became established in the freshwater tidal Hudson River. Prior to this period, two nonnative species (Sphaerium corneum and Pisidium amnicum) were already established in the area and two additional nonnative species (Mytilopsis leucophaeata and R. cuneata) were established in the adjoining brackish waters of the Hudson. Here, we briey describe the invasion history and population dynamics of each of these species.