ABSTRACT
The need for energy will continue to increase rapidly as the world aims to improve its living quality. As the usable fossil fuel resources are diminishing due to the ongoing depletion, the scenario of using carbon-based fuels is unsustainable. It was estimated by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the US Energy Information Administration (EIA) that the global primary energy demand will be still met primarily by fossil fuels in the medium term before 2035 (IEA, 2011, 2012; EIA, 2012). In addition, the usage of fossil fuels generates toxic pollutants threatening the ecobalance and our health. The CO2 emissions induce undesirable climate effects. Therefore, clean energy alternatives and carbon recycling are needed for solving the future energy sustainability problems.
