ABSTRACT
The "fracture" of materials or components is evident everywhere: in the production process and in life. For example, during the Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan, China, on May 12, 2008, uncountable houses collapsed instantaneously, and nearly 100,000 people lost their lives. In daily life, we see bridge collapses, train derailments, and air crashes, as well as minor and serious traffic accidents. There are too many examples to list.
