ABSTRACT
Changes in the water and sodium content of ECF may result in severe consequences to the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, some pathological cardiovascular conditions may lead to changes in body uid homeostasis. Increased sodium levels in ECF increase the effective circulating volume, leading to an enhancement in cardiac output and blood pressure (BP). On the other hand, heart failure may decrease water and sodium urinary excretion, promoting a uid disorder in the body. Therefore, it is unsurprising to nd overlapping mechanisms controlling cardiovascular function and body uid homeostasis.
