ABSTRACT
Photonic crystals can control the propagation states of photons due to their unique photonic bandgap effect. This makes them the promising candidate for the realization of integrated photonic devices and integrated photonic circuits. However, the number and the types of available photonic crystals in the nature are very scarce. Therefore, the fabrication technique of photonic crystals has attracted great attention along with the appearance of the conception of photonic crystals. Various techniques have been developed to fabricate photonic crystals according to different material properties and functional requirements of photonic devices.
