ABSTRACT
The developmentof new third-generation synchrotron sources combined with the enormous advancement of detector technology, data storage, and processing capabilities has led to a strong rise of high-end synchrotron tomography facilities [1-6]. Tomography is well known from medicine and biology, but it is also used in materials science, geophysics, archeology, and other sciences. The wide field of applications in biology and medicine ranges from the visualization and quantitative analysis of tissues, teeth, structures of bones, implants, plants, small insects down to single cells in the submicrometer and even in the nanometer range of spatial resolution. In materials science and neighboring disciplines, the application field encompasses the investigation of defects, porous structures, granular structures, cracks, voids, fibers, precipitations or inclusions, small components, and inner structures of stones and soil. In this chapter, different tomographic measurement techniques,
