ABSTRACT
In any characterization process, we can measure physical and chemical properties. Most of what has been covered so far relates to physical properties such as morphology and color. A physical property is one that can be measured or observed without causing a chemical change. For example, the melting point of a solid is a physical property and measuring it does not change the substance. Ice, water, and steam consist chemically of H2O; melting ice changes only the physical state, not the H2O composition. Other physical properties include density, color, refractive index (RI), and optical properties discussed in previous chapters.
