ABSTRACT
The research intriguing of nanomaterials synthesis has been growing significantly to meet the demand for future applications. Most of the excitement in this field has arisen due to the novel size-and shape-tunable properties of nanostructures. These fascinating characteristics make them potential candidates in many interesting fields. For instance, nanoparticles have found enormous attention in catalysis, material science, biotechnology, environmental science, pharmacy, electronic industry, etc. This chapter reviews prevalent developments towards facile design of nanoscale materials. Primarily, solution-based methods possess influential routes in a controlled and reproducible manner. In addition, gas-and solid-phase techniques are stimulating greatly into a new branch of nanosynthetic chemistry. A wide range of nano-
fabrication methods, including precipitation, deposition-precipitation, sol-gel methods, microemulsion techniques, hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses, microwave-assisted processes, polyol method, flame spray pyrolysis, template-directed synthetic methods, mechanochemical processing, ionic-liquid assisted methods, and so on, are discussed elaborately. A meticulous study of nanoconfinement variation with reaction parameters is also elucidated in all methodologies.
