ABSTRACT
Stay-in-place FRP forms that are structurally integrated in the system have been used in a number of applications such as end-bearing or friction piles, fender piles, and structural supports for pier decks since late 1980s and early 1990s. FRP provides a solution for deteriorated piers and waterfront structures subjected to the harsh marine environment. The population growth of marine borers, strict environmental laws that limit the use of toxic treatments for wood, and prohibitions on traditional maintenance practices (lead-based primers, sandblasting, and solvent-based paints) have resulted in higher maintenance and replacement costs for traditional materials. Composite materials offer long-term and low-maintenance solutions. The use of composite piling in aggressive environments in certain instances has shown to be more economical than wood when life-cycle costs are considered. In this chapter, three available systems and their case studies or field applications are summarized.
