ABSTRACT
Steelmaking, from the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) to the caster, entails a variety of rate processes such as melting, dissolution, re ning, postcombustion, mixing, and so on. While these help control composition, temperature, and cleanliness of the melt, their rates determine shop oor ef ciency and therefore performance of a steel mill. As the associated rates of typical processing operations are generally transport controlled, adequate knowledge of uid ow and turbulence* becomes a prerequisite to rate phenomena analysis in steelmaking. How the ow eld is obtained is already outlined in Chapter 5. Having acquired the ow somehow, be this experimental or calculated, our objective is to quantify various rate processes in steelmaking. In the following sections, starting with the subsurface motion of solid additions, mathematical modeling of melting, dissolution, material and thermal mixing, inclusion transport and removal, reacting ows, and solidi cation are described.
