ABSTRACT
Production of steel from pig iron involves a series of unit operations in which chemical reactions, uid ow, heat and mass transfer, etc. all take part to a varied degree. To investigate these in situ, high operating temperatures, relatively the large size of steelmaking reactors, and visual opacity of molten steel pose considerable dif culties. Modeling coupled with plant or pilot-scale trials therefore forms the basis of process analysis, new process development, and design and optimization in steelmaking.
