ABSTRACT
Rate calculation in steelmaking is rarely possible without detailed knowledge of uid ow. Thus knowledge of ow is generally a prerequisite to the prediction, analysis, and control of various steelmaking processes such as melting, dissolution, dispersion, inclusion removal, solidi cation, and so on. Flow phenomena play important roles even in interfacial chemical reactions such as desulfurization, decarburization, etc., which are generally mass transfer-controlled. Fundamental aspects of uid ow phenomena have been brie y reviewed in Chapter 2. In this chapter, starting with laminar ows, modeling of homogeneous and two-phase/multiphase turbulent ows as well as magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) are described, wherein speci c ow examples are taken up to explain the underlying ow modeling principles. In our treatment of the subject, maximum emphasis is laid on conceptual modeling and formulation. Accordingly assumptions in modeling, governing equations, and boundary conditions are described in detail. Validation of mathematical model results which is an important issue is also concurrently discussed, wherever possible.
