ABSTRACT

It is clear from the example of Chapter 4 that singularities may remain in the system after eliminating the specified constraints. The possible remaining singularities in the system may be due to modeling techniques. For example modeling planar behavior via membrane elements causes singularities due to the out of plane, drilling degrees of freedom being undefined. Similarly, in models with solid elements, the nodes have no rotational degrees of freedom. These are all called local singularities, the topic of Section 5.1.