ABSTRACT
Freeze-concentration is the term used to describe the solute redistribution in an aqueous solution with an initial relatively low concentration by the partial freezing of water and subsequent separation of the resulting ice (1, 2). Freeze-concentration is based on the freezing temperature-concentration diagram (Figure 106.1) (3). Freeze-concentration has been applied to preconcentration for analytical purposes (4), desalinitation, concentration of juices (5), concentration of dairy products (6) and waste water treatment (7).
