ABSTRACT
FIGURE 5.1 All the aerial parts of Capparis spinosa contain flavonoids, especially the leaves and the buds. (14.5.2010, Jerusalem, Israel: by Helena Paavilainen.)
FIGURE 5.2 The fruit of Capparis spinosa also contains considerable amounts of antioxidant flavonoids. (4.8.2011, Old City, Jerusalem, Israel: by Helena Paavilainen.)
response modifiers” (Lee et al. 2007, Magrone et al. 2008), namely, their ability to modulate immune responses and inflammation through upregulation or downregulation of specific cytokines, such as the interleukins (ILs) (i.e., the series IL-1, IL-2, … , IL-12, etc.), ultimately resulting in increased release of nitric oxide from cells that cause cascades of health-promoting and healing effects.
