ABSTRACT
Concern for the environment is not a new phenomenon. In the fth century bc, Plato wrote about the effects of unsustainable practice regarding forests, referring to the deforestation of the hills around Athens as a result of logging for shipbuilding and to clear agricultural land (Moll et al. 2005). von Carlowitz (1713) explained that if forest resources were not used with caution (i.e., planned on a sustainable basis to achieve continuity between increment and felling), then humanity would plunge into poverty and destitution. Malthus (1798) presented his Essay on the Principles of Population in which he proposed that population tends to increase
8.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 157 8.2 Materials ....................................................................................................... 158
8.2.1 Production of Natural Fibers ............................................................ 158 8.2.2 Production of Glass Fibers ................................................................ 160 8.2.3 End-of-Life Composites .................................................................... 160
8.3 Life Cycle Assessment .................................................................................. 161 8.4 Environmental Impact Classication Factors ............................................... 162
8.4.1 Acidication...................................................................................... 163 8.4.2 Aquatic Toxicity/Ecotoxicity ............................................................ 163 8.4.3 Human Toxicity ................................................................................ 165 8.4.4 Eutrophication/Nitrication.............................................................. 165 8.4.5 Global Warming/Climate Change .................................................... 167 8.4.6 Depletion of Resources ..................................................................... 170 8.4.7 Ozone Depletion ............................................................................... 173 8.4.8 Photochemical Oxidants ................................................................... 174
8.5 Life Cycle Inventory and Life Cycle Impact Assessment ............................ 174 8.6 Discussion ..................................................................................................... 178 8.7 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 179 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................. 179 Glossary ................................................................................................................. 180 References .............................................................................................................. 181
faster than the means of subsistence, and its growth could only be checked by moral restraint or disease and war. Carson (1962) published Silent Spring, which warned against proigate use of synthetic chemical pesticides, challenged the agricultural practices of the time, and suggested that there were methods of pest control that were less damaging to the natural world. Her work is often suggested to be the primer for the rise of the environmental movement in the 1960s. The World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) suggested that Sustainable Development should be dened as “Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” There is a far more extensive literature on concern for the environment but that topic is beyond the scope of this review.
