ABSTRACT
Researchers do not always have two or more groups to study. Some problems call for analysis of only one group. This chapter presents a discussion of several different tests for analyzing single samples. Section 8.1 discusses the binomial test whose objective is to examine the chance occurrences of outcomes on repeated trials for a binary (dichotomous) variable. Section 8.2 presents the one-sample sign test that is concerned with the direction of the difference between observed values and a specific value. Section 8.3 addresses the one-sample runs test for randomness. The purpose of the runs test for randomness, as the name implies, is to test whether a series of values (a run) is random in a population. Section 8.4 covers the Pearson chi-square test for goodness of fit. The chi-square statistic compares observed frequencies of responses with hypothetical frequencies of responses. Section 8.5 discusses the Kolmogorov-Smirnov one-sample test for examining the difference between an observed sample distribution and an assumed distribution in a population.
