ABSTRACT
The nonparametric procedures presented in this chapter allow researchers to test for association, independence, or agreement among two or more variables. Association between two variables is a broader term for a relationship between two variables. The term relationship is used with parametric data to show a linear relationship between two continuous or ratio variables. The term association is used generally to show any relationship. For all practical purposes, there is no important difference between the two terms, and they are often used interchangeably.
