ABSTRACT
Metal removal from dry-hearth and other furnaces is accomplished one of three ways. The use of a hydraulic pump is the oldest (Brooks, 1970) and is used mostly for furnaces that are not integrated into a melting/holding/casting line. However, the pumps require maintenance and periodic replacement, and safety is a concern. Electromagnetic pumps were described in the previous chapter as a means of stirring the melt; these can also be used to transfer molten metal from the furnace and are increasingly used for that purpose (EMP Technologies, 2007; Starczewski, 2012).
