ABSTRACT
The most popular basic methods of calculating electrodynamic forces for transient, dynamic processes can be used in Mechatronic design, instead of the complex and expensive numerical simulator, such as Saber. These basic methods of calculating electrodynamic forces include Ampere’s law, Virtual forces, Maxwel’s Stress Tensor, and Hamilton’s Principle with its Euler–Lagrange differential equation. Electromagnetic forces can be considered as internal forces of magnetic fields, emerging on the surface of bodies placed in the field. These forces tend to shorten distances between bodies in the direction of field lines, that is, to shorten the length of the field tubes and lines, as well as they tend to increase a distance in the direction crosswise to the lines. Forces in transformer windings, at sudden short circuits on the transformer output terminals, are often very large and need careful calculation early to avoid possible damage of windings during operation.
