FORMULATION AND APPROXIMATION OF TWO/THREE-DIMENSIO-NAL BEAMS

Until this point, we considered one-dimensional models of bars, shafts, and Euler-Bernoulli and

Timoshenko beams for small strains and Hookean material. The main features of these models are

illustrated in Table 7.1. In general, the axial, twisting, and bending loads act simultaneously in a

one-dimensional element, which from now will be called beam.