ABSTRACT
Let https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> M n ( R ) https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429086663/acb7e1d1-9bf9-43aa-8a26-560ac513e49b/content/eq1961.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> denote the space of n×n matrices with real entries. Given https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> A ∈ M n ( R ) https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429086663/acb7e1d1-9bf9-43aa-8a26-560ac513e49b/content/eq1962.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> , we let https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> | | A | | = sup x ≠ 0 | | A x | | | | x | | https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780429086663/acb7e1d1-9bf9-43aa-8a26-560ac513e49b/content/eq1963.tif" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/>
