ABSTRACT
A signicant worldwide increase in the prevalence of obesity has been noticed in the last decades, which may be associated with an excess of more the 100,000 deaths per year in the United States [1,2]. With the development of obesity, the adipose tissue becomes increasingly dysfunctional. Excess fat mass is often associated with elevated systemic free fatty acids (FFAs), altered adipokine and cytokine secretion, and local and systemic inammation. Those changes are linked to the development of abnormalities such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and a chronic proinammatory and prothrombotic state. Eventually, the metabolic derangements observed in obese individuals increase the risk of the development of type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic
Introduction ............................................................................................................ 115 Abdominal Obesity and Disease Risk .................................................................... 117
Metabolic Abnormalities Related to Visceral Obesity ...................................... 117 Adipose Organ ....................................................................................................... 119 Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity ................................................................. 120 Adipose Tissue Distribution ................................................................................... 121 Heterogeneity among Adipose Tissue Depots .......................................................124
