ABSTRACT
Special hydraulic structures are intended for performing certain functions within the hydraulic scheme for the needs of some water economy branches. The special structures can be for amelioration (channels, pumping stations, etc.); hydroelectric power plants (power houses, pumped storage hydroelectric power plants, intake structures, derivation (supply) channels and tunnels, etc.); water transport (channels, ship navigation locks and lifts, etc.); structures for fishery economy (fish bypasses, i.e. fish ladders and lifts, etc.); water supply; for fighting floods and erosion of the soil; for utilization of underground waters (underground intake structures, etc.); for sedimentation of waste materials and other purposes. More detailed enumeration of special hydraulic structures has been given in Chapter 1. Since the majority of the above-mentioned special hydraulic structures have been analyzed in other specialized fields of hydraulic engineering, and in order to enable an easier pursuance of the forthcoming chapters in which problems regarding the designing of hydraulic schemes are treated, here we shall only treat in brief those issues, the knowledge of which is indispensable in composing hydraulic schemes.
