ABSTRACT
The genus Prunus (family Rosaceae) is a large group that comprises more than 200 species (Bailey and Bailey 1976). It is cultivated primarily in temperate regions of the world. The genus includes ornamental species as well as those that produce fruit and nuts such as peaches, plums and almonds. Breeding efforts to improve horticultural aspects have been underway
USDA, ARS, National Germplasm Resources Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705. Email: eunju.cheong@ars.usda.gov
since the species were fi rst cultivated. Recently breeding practices in Prunus have been advanced by the development and application of biotechnology including in vitro culture (reproduction and propagation), molecular markers (identifying genetic diversity and selection of specifi c traits), gene transfer (protecting plants against abiotic and biotic stress) and genome mapping (analysis of important traits) (Martínez-Gómez et al. 2005). Biotechnology also facilitates conservation and sustainable utilization of valuable genetic resources including wild material, cultivars and landraces that are critical for crop improvement. Plant biotechnology is considered a promising tool to enhance agriculture productivity in a sustainable manner.
