ABSTRACT

It is estimated that less than 1 percent (approximately 0.3 percent) of the total electricity generated in the United States can be attributed to “other sources.” Notwithstanding, this chapter provides a general overview of some of the other major sources that Ÿt the category of other energy sources. Included in this list are the following:

1. Fuels derived from coals and oils 2. Hydrocarbons 3. Hydrokinetic energy

Regarding [1], the demand for coal and oil as the prime or substitute fuel for utility boilers will most likely remain for at least another generation. In addition, the future use of coal-derived fuels, such as coal-reŸned liquids and gases, coal slurries, and chars, as inexpensive substitutes for oil and natural gas is also possible. Therefore, methods to obtain clean and efŸciently burning fuels derived from coal and oil are continually being investigated. A few of these fuels, which apply to steam generation, are discussed in this introductory section.