ABSTRACT
To this point, we have discussed the basic design of wastewater treatment ponds. In this chapter, we discuss design innovations that have come about through a better understanding of the biological processes occurring in these systems and experience building them under different environmental conditions. Many of these innovations have allowed communities to retain their pond systems with modifications rather than abandoning them in favor of mechanized systems (USEPA, 2011). Examples include fermentation pits in facultative ponds to protect anaerobic digestion, streamlined footprints, improved aerators or mixers, and the addition of covers to retard algal growth in polishing ponds.
