ABSTRACT
Finding proper and valuable information and knowledge capable of controlling and managing our activities in everyday life, science, education, entertainment, or the public domain has become the focal point for practitioners (computer and information technology engineers, politicians, publishers, and educators) as well as theorists (cognitive and articial intelligence scientists, psychologists, anthropologists, and philosophers). In the age of “the information turn,” the problem of how to search, retrieve, process, and convey information in order to realize one’s own practical interests and cognitive needs and, subsequently, satisfy institutional, sociocultural demands and standards is of particular importance. Immanuel Kant’s (1998) three questions-“What can I know,” “What must I do,” and “What may I hope,” stated in the century of complete, certain, and true knowledge ideally formulated by Newtonian physics-remain a challenge and demand new answers. Living in the decades of rapid scientic and technological progress-when ideas of complexity, nonlinear and dynamic chaos, as well as epistemological concepts of bounded rationality, unpredictability, and uncertainty, disclaim, or at least weaken, the previously accepted viewpoint-we have to focus our attention on the phenomena through which these questions are manifested.
