Rare Earth Materials and Films Best Suited for Various Applications, Such as Lasers, Electro-Optic Sensors, and Magneto-Optic Devices

Diode-pumped rare earth-based lasers, such as hobium:thulim:lutimiumlithium-ferrous (Ho:Tm:LuLiF4), holium:thulium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:Tm:YAG), and holium:thulium:yttrium-lithium-ferrous (Ho:Tm:YLiF), operate at room temperature and offer improved optical and slope efficiencies, optimum power output, and higher narrow spectral beams with high reliability (even at slightly higher than room temperature).