ABSTRACT
Effective stress and drainage of water combine to give the differences between total and effective stress analyses, drained and undrained loading and consolidation.
This is the most important section in this book. When the total normal and shear stresses are σ and τ and the pore pressure is u the effective stresses are
σ′ = σ − u
and
τ′ = τ
The principle of effective stress says ‘all effects of a change of stress such as volume change and change of strength are due to changes of effective stress’.
