ABSTRACT
PEDOT:PSS is a mixture of polymers as shown in Figure 19.6. e PEDOT/PSS layer has a high work function (5.0 eV), allowing easier injection of holes into the PPV since the barrier is now reduced from
5.2-4.9 = 0.3 eV to 5.0-4.9 = 0.1 eV. It also smoothes out the relatively rough surface of ITO, thereby preventing any local short-circuiting that may lead to device failure.
