ABSTRACT
Quantum dots (QDs) are often called ‘artificial atoms’, since the confinement of the electron motion in all spatial directions leads to a system of discrete energy levels, each of which corresponds to a localized in a quantum dot wave function. Quantum dots, which are the most important object of the physics of low-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures, are also called quasi-zero-dimensional systems (Fedorov, Baranov, 2005).
