ABSTRACT
The main object of this paper is to try to put the sort of projects, observations and analytical approaches that form the subject of this technical conference into the context of the general development of building projects within the city environment. Sub-structures are a critical element of any project and are often the most controversial. They are the part that involves the greatest risk in terms of time and cost. The paper aims to highlight the main steps that have to be taken during the various stages of any project in order to ensure that these risks are addressed within the institutional framework within which we all operate.
